What to Expect, Start to Close

A mortgage doesn't have to feel complicated. Here's exactly what happens at each step, what you'll need to provide, and how long things typically take.

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Step 1
Pre-Approval
1–2 days
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Step 2
Home Shopping
Varies
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Step 3
Underwriting
1–2 weeks
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Step 4
Closing
30–45 days total

The process works when you move with purpose. My job is to lead you through each milestone (from pre-approval to closing) so you're never guessing what comes next or why. Your job is simple: trust the process, stay engaged, and get me what I ask for quickly. Speed and accuracy of your documents directly determines how fast we close. The borrowers who close on time are the ones who respond fast. Let's be those people.

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Step 1 · Start Here

Pre-Approval

Pre-approval is the foundation of everything that comes next. Before you look at a single home, you should know exactly what you can borrow, what your payment will look like, and how strong your offer will appear to a seller. In competitive markets, a solid pre-approval letter is often the difference between getting the house and losing it.

This step involves a credit pull, a review of your income and assets, and a conversation about your goals. It typically takes one to two days, and I'll do most of the heavy lifting.

Documents You'll Typically Need
  • Government-issued photo ID
  • 2 most recent pay stubs
  • W-2s from the past 2 years
  • Tax returns, past 2 years
  • 2 months of bank statements
  • Investment/retirement account statements
  • DD-214 (VA loans)
  • Gift letter (if using a gift for down payment)
💡 Dane's Tip Pre-approval is not the same as pre-qualification. Pre-qualification is a quick estimate based on self-reported numbers. Pre-approval involves actually reviewing your documentation, it holds more weight with sellers and is far more reliable as a budget.

What happens on my end:

  • Review your full financial picture
  • Pull credit and explain what we see
  • Match you with the best loan program for your situation
  • Issue a pre-approval letter for your target price range
Start Your Pre-Approval →
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Step 2 · Work With Your Realtor

Home Shopping & Making an Offer

Now you're armed with a real budget and a letter that sellers take seriously. This phase is mostly between you and your real estate agent, but I stay in the loop. If you're comparing properties or thinking about how the financing affects a deal structure, I'm a phone call away.

When you find the right property and your offer is accepted, we move quickly. You'll sign a purchase agreement, pay an earnest money deposit, and the loan process officially kicks into gear.

What happens when your offer is accepted:

  • You sign the purchase and sale agreement
  • Earnest money is deposited (typically 1–3% of purchase price)
  • I review current market rates and consult you on the best loan structure before we proceed, this is the moment to confirm your program, term, and whether to float or lock
  • Once we agree on structure, I lock your rate at the right time
  • I order the appraisal and title search
  • Your file officially goes to underwriting
💡 On Rate Locks Locking your rate protects you against market movement for a set period, typically 30, 45, or 60 days. I'll advise you on when and how long to lock based on your closing timeline and what rates are doing. Locking too early or too late can cost you.
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Step 3 · The Review Process

Underwriting

Underwriting is where a licensed underwriter at the lender formally reviews your entire loan file (income, credit, assets, the property appraisal) and decides whether to approve the loan. This is the most important step, and it's where delays most often happen when borrowers aren't prepared.

My job is to get your file submitted clean, complete, and organized so underwriters aren't waiting on documents. Most of the time, we come back with a "conditional approval", meaning the loan is approved, subject to satisfying a short list of conditions (a letter of explanation for something, an additional document, etc.).

Common Underwriting Conditions (additional items that may be requested)
  • Updated pay stubs or bank statements
  • Letter of explanation (LOE) for a credit event
  • Proof of homeowner's insurance
  • HOA documentation (if applicable)
  • Survey or additional title work
  • Written verification of rent history
  • Business license (self-employed)
  • Source of funds for large deposits
⚠️ What to Avoid During This Phase Do not open new credit accounts, make large purchases on credit, switch jobs, or make significant financial moves until after closing. Any major change to your financial picture during underwriting can delay or jeopardize approval, even if you've already been conditionally approved.

Typical underwriting timeline:

  • Initial review: 3–5 business days
  • Conditions returned to borrower: 1–2 days
  • Re-review once conditions are satisfied: 2–3 days
  • Clear to close issued: target within 10–14 business days of full submission
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Step 4 · Final Step

Clear to Close & Closing Day

When the underwriter issues a "Clear to Close" (CTC), it means every condition has been satisfied and the lender is ready to fund the loan. This is the finish line.

You'll receive a Closing Disclosure (CD) at least three business days before your closing date, this document shows your final loan terms, interest rate, monthly payment, and the exact cash needed to close. Review it carefully and let me know if anything looks different from what you expected.

What happens on closing day:

  • You meet at the title company or escrow office (sometimes remotely)
  • Sign the promissory note, deed of trust, and closing documents
  • Wire or bring a certified check for your closing costs and down payment
  • The lender funds the loan and funds are disbursed to the seller
  • Title records, and you get the keys
Bring to Closing
  • Government-issued photo ID
  • Certified check or wire confirmation
  • Proof of homeowner's insurance
  • Checkbook (for small adjustments)
💡 The Closing Disclosure vs. Loan Estimate You received a Loan Estimate early in the process. The Closing Disclosure is the final version, your actual numbers. Compare them side by side. I'll walk you through any differences before closing day so nothing surprises you at the table.
Ready to Get Started? →

Common Questions

Things people ask before they're ready to commit to the conversation.

Does getting pre-approved hurt my credit?

Yes, a hard pull is required, but the impact is small (usually 2–5 points) and temporary. If you apply with multiple lenders within a 45-day window, it typically counts as a single inquiry for scoring purposes. Don't let a minor credit hit stop you from getting pre-approved.

How long does the whole process take?

From pre-approval to keys, plan for 30–45 days once you're under contract. The pre-approval itself takes 1–2 days. Home shopping can take a week or a year, that's up to you and the market.

What if I have credit issues or past financial problems?

Talk to me before you assume you don't qualify. Many people who think they can't get a loan are closer than they realize. Depending on the situation, a credit improvement plan can sometimes get you qualified in 60–90 days.

Can I make a strong offer without a pre-approval letter?

Technically yes, but practically no, especially in competitive markets. Most listing agents won't present an offer without one, and sellers routinely choose pre-approved buyers over those who aren't. Get pre-approved first.

What's the difference between pre-approval and final approval?

Pre-approval is based on your financial profile. Final approval (issued by underwriting) also accounts for the specific property (appraisal, title, insurance). The property has to qualify, not just you.

How much cash will I need at closing?

It depends on your loan type, down payment, and local costs. VA loans can close with little to no cash. Conventional typically needs 3–20% down plus 2–5% in closing costs. I'll give you a Loan Estimate early so you have a real number to plan around.

Ready to Begin?

Let's Get You Pre-Approved.

The first step is a 20-minute conversation. I'll ask the right questions, review what you have, and tell you exactly where you stand, no fluff, no sales pitch.